Keywords
Chemical control
Biological control
Systemic Acquired Resistance
Integrated Control
Cucumis sativus
How to Cite
Abstract
Results of the use of various control methods (Chemical, Biological, Systemic Acquired Resistance (SAR) and Ethanol Extract of Chili Pepper ) individually or in combination showed improvement in all growth criteria of cucumber plants grown in soil infested with M. javanica eggs including length, dry and fresh weight of root and shoot system with chlorophyll content of leaves and strong reduction in infection criteria. The use of bio-health one week after Vydate as integrated control was found to be one of the most effective treatment compared to other treatments by improving all growth criteria of cucumber plants. On the other hand, the same treatment excelled in its effect on the other treatments where the highest reduction in infection criteria including number of galls, root gall severity, number of egg masses, number of nematode in root system, number of nematode in soil pot, number of eggs, final population density of nematode and reproduction rate of nematode in cucumber plants grown in infested soil as compared with control treatment (infested soil).The results also indicated that the less effective treatment was ethanol extract from chili pepper fruit in increasing cucumber growth criteria or reducing infection criteria.
References
Abbas, S., Dawar, S., Tariq, M. and Zaki, M.J. (2009). Nematicidal activity of spices against Meloidogyne javanica (Treub) Chitwood. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 41: 2625-2632.
Abd El-Kareem, F. (2007). Induced resistance in bean plants against root rot and alternaria leaf spot diseases using biotic and abiotic inducers under field conditions. Res. J. Agric. and Biol. Sci., 3(6): 767-774.
Abo-Elyousr, K.A., Khan, Z. and Abedel-Moneim, M. (2010). Evaluation of plant extracts and Pseudomonas for control of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita on tomato. Nematropica, 40(2): 289-299.
Ahmed, A.I. (2008). Cucumber root-knot nematodes disease in Erbil province and its certain control methods. M.Sc. thesis, College of Agriculture, University of Salahaddin, Erbil, Kurdistan Region- Iraq. (In Arabic).
Al Hajiyat, H.H.Y. (2015). Induction of resistance against citrus nematode Tylenchulus semipenetrans (Cobb, 1913) by using chemical and biological substance. M.Sc. thesis, College of Agriculture and forestry, University of Mosul, Iraq. (In Arabic).
Arora, R.; Battu, G.S. and Ramakrishnan, N. (2000). Microbial pesticides: current status and future outlook. In: Dhaliwal, G.S., Singh, B.(eds.), Pesticides and Environment. Commonwealth Publishers, New Delhi, pp. 344-395.
Azam, T., Hisamuddin, Robab, M.I. (2010). Effect of initial inoculation of Meloidogyne javanica on growth and yield of Lagenaria siceraria. Journal of American Science, 6: 617-622.
Chen, Y., De Nobili, M., Aviad, T. (2004). Stimulatory effect of humic substances on plant growth. In "Soil organic matter in sustainable agriculture" .(Eds. F. Magdoff, R.R. Weil).103-130, Boca Raton, FL.
Coyne, D.L., Nicol, J.M., Claudius-Cole, B. (2007). Practical plant nematology: a field and laboratory guide. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA).
Davies, M.J., Hawkins, C.L., Pattison, D.I., Rees, M.D. (2008). Mammalian heme peroxidases: from molecular mechanisms to health implications. Antioxidants and Redox Signaling, 10: 1199-1234.
El-Nagdi, W.M.A., Abd-El-Khair, H. (2008). Biological control of Meloidogyne incognita and Rhizoctonia solani in eggplant. Nematologia Mediterranea, 36(1):85-92.
El-Sayed, S.M., Mahdy, M.E. (2015). Effect of chitosan on root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica on tomato plants. International Journal of Chem Tech Research, 7(4): 1985-1992.
El-Shennawy, M.Z., Khalifa, E.Z., Ammar, M.M., Mousa, E.M., Hafez, S.L. (2012). Biological control of the disease complex on potato caused by root-knot nematode and Fusarium wilt fungus. Nematologia Mediterranea, 40(2): 169-172.
El-Sherif, A.G., Gad, S.B., Khalil, A.M., Mohamedy, R.H.E. (2015). Impact of our organic acids on Meloidogyne incognita infecting tomato plants under greenhouse conditions. Global Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Health Sciences, 4(2):94-100.
El-Zawahry, A.M., Khalil, A.E.M., Allam, A.D.A., Mostafa, R.G. (2015). Effect of the Bio-agents (Bacillus megaterium and Trichoderma album) on Citrus Nematode (Tylenchulus semipenetrans) Infecting Baladi orange and Lime Seedlings. Journal of Phytopathology and Pest Management, 2(2): 1-8.
Farfour, S.A. and El-Ansary, M.S. (2013). Suppression of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) on eggplant by applying some biofertilizers and biocontrol agents. Egyptian Journal of Agronematology, 12(1): 63-73.
Hussain, M.A., Mukhtar, T., Kayani, M. Z. (2011). Assessment of the damage caused by Meloidogyne incognita on okra (Abelmoschus esculentus). The Journal of Animal and plant Sciences, 21(4): 857-861.
Izuogu, N.B. (2013). Nematicidal effect of Trichoderma harzianum T22 on Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood, infecting Celosia argentea TLV8. J. Agri. Res. and Dev., 12(1):35-43.
Izuogu, N.B., Osuwa, O.V., Fabiyi, A.O., Olabiyi, T.I., Abolusoro, S.A. (2014). Field evaluation of Trichoderma harzianum T22 for the management of Meloidogyne incognita (kofoid and white) Chitwood on cowpea varieties. International Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, 1(1):7-12.
Kago, E.K., Kinyua, Z.M., Okemo, P.O., Maingi, J.M. (2013). Efficacy of Brassica Tissue and Chalim TM on Control of Plant Parasitic Nematodes. Journal of Biology, 1(1): 25-32.
Karanja, N.K., Mutua, G.K., Kimenju, J.W. (2007). Evaluating the effect of Bacillus and Rhizobium bio-inoculant on nodulation and nematode control in Phaseolus vulgaris L. In: Advances in Integrated Soil Fertility Research in Sub-Saharan Africa: Challenges and Opportunities, (Bationo, A., Waswa, B., Kihara, J., and Kimetu, J. eds.), Springer, Netherlands, 863–868 pp.
Kepenekci, I., Erdogus, D., Erdogan, P. (2016). Effects of some plant extracts on root-knot nematodes in vitro and in vivo conditions. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 40(1):3-14.
Khalil, M.S. (2013). The potential of five eco-biorational products on the reproduction of root-knot nematode and plant growth. International Journal of Phytopathology, 2(2): 84-91.
Khalil, M.S., Kenawy, A., Gohrab, M.A., Mohammed, E.E. (2012). Impact of microbial agents on Meloidogyne incognita management and morphogenesis of tomato. J Biopest, 5(1): 28-35.
Khan, T.A., Nasir, S., Ashraf, M.S. (2004). Effect of population levels of Meloidogyne javanica on plant growth and nematode multiplication on cucurbits. Pakistan Journal of Nematology, 22(1): 83-89.
Kumar, N., Adamu, M.A., Isah, K.M., Lawal, A.F. (2014). A Survey of vegetable fields for root-gall disease in Niger State, Nigeria. PAT, 10(1):17-27.
Lobna, H., Mayssa, C., Hajer, R., Naima, M.H.B., Ali, R., Najet, H.R. (2016). Biocontrol Effectiveness of Indigenous Trichoderma Species against Meloidogyne javanica and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis lycopersici on tomato. Biocontrol, 1, 50717, 1-5.
Mackeen, M.M., Ali, A.M., Abdullah, M.A., Nasir, R.M., Mat, N.B., Razak, A.R. and Kawazu, K. (1997). Antinematodal activity of some Malaysian plant extracts against the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylohilus. Pesticide Science, 51:165-170.
Mahdy, M. (2002). Biological control of plant parasitic nematodes with antagonistic bacteria on different host plants. Ph.D. dissertation, Universitäts-und Landesbibliothek Bonn.
Mascarin, G.M., Junior, M.F.B. (2012). Trichoderma harzianum reduces population of Meloidogyne incognita in cucumber plants under greenhouse conditions. Journal of Entomology and Nematology, 4(6), 54-57.
Masheva, S., Yankova, V., Markova, D., Lazarova,T., Naydenov, M., Tomlekova, N., Sarsu, F., Dincheva, T. (2016). Use of microbioagents to reduce soil pathogens and root-knot nematodes in greenhouse-grown tomatoes. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 22 (1): 91-97.
Mokbel, A.A. (2013).Impact of some antagonistic organisms in controlling Meloidogyne arenaria infecting tomato plants. Journal of Life Sciences and Technologies, 1(1):69-74.
Molinari, S., Loffredo, E.(2006). The role of salicylic acid in defense response of tomato to root-knot nematodes. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology, 68: 69-78.
Montasser, S.A., Abd El-Wahab, A.E., Abd-Elgawad, M.M.M., Abd-El-Khair, H., Faika, F.H.K., Hammam, M.M.A. (2012). Role of some plant extracts and organic manure in controlling Tylenchulus semipenetrans Cobb In Vitro And In Vivo In Citrus. Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 8: 5415-5424.
Moslemi, F., Fatemy, S., Bernard, F. (2016). Inhibitory effects of salicylic acid on Meloidogyne javanica reproduction in tomato plants. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, 14(1): 1-7.
Mostafa, F.A.M. (2001). Integrated control of root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp. infecting sunflower and tomato. Pakistan Journal Biological Sciences, 4(1): 44-46.
Mostafanezhad, H., Sahebani, N. and Nourinejhad Zarghani, S. (2014). Induction of resistance in tomato against root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica with salicylic acid. Journal of Crop Protection, 3(4): 499-508.
Mukherjee, A., Babu, S.P.S., Mandal, F.B. (2012). Potential of salicylic acid activity derived from stress-induced (water) Tomato against Meloidogyne incognita. Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection, 45: 1909-1916.
Naserinasab, F., Sahebani, N., Etebarian, H.R. (2011). Biological control of Meloidogyne javanica by Trichoderma harzianum BI and salicylic acid on tomato. African Journal of Food Science, 5(3):276 - 280.
Nikoo, F.S., Sahebani, N., Aminian, H., Mokhtarnejad, L., Ghaderi, R. (2014). Induction of systemic resistance and defense-related enzymes in tomato plants using Pseudomonas fluorescens CHAO and salicylic acid against root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica. Journal of Plant Protection Research, 54(4): 383-389.
Ogumo, E. (2014). Use of eco-friendly strategies in suppression of root-knot nematodes in french bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) in Kenya. M.Sc. thesis, University of Nairobi.
Ohri, P., Pannu, S.K. (2010). Effect of phenolic compounds on nematodes- a review. Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 2(2): 344-350.
Passardi, F., Cosio, C., Penel, C., Dunand, C. (2005). Peroxidases have more functions than a Swiss army knife. Plant Cell Reports, 24: 255-265.
Radwan, M.A., Abu-ELamayem, M.M., Farrag, S.A.A., Ahmed, N.S. (2011). Integrated management of Meloidogyne incognita infecting tomato using bio-agents mixed with either oxamyl or organic amendments. Nematologia Mediterranea, 39(2):151-156.
SAS. (2001).SAS/STAT User, s Guide, Version 8.2, 1st printing.Vol.2.SAS Institute Inc, SAS Campus Drive, Gray, North Carolina.
Scheuerell, S.J. and Mahaffee, W.H. (2004). Compost tea as a container medium drench for suppressing seedling damping off caused by Pythium ultimum. Phytopathology, 94: 1156-1163.
Seid, A., Fininsa, C., Mekete, T., Decraemer, W., Wesemael, W.M. (2015). Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.)–a century-old battle. Nematology, 17: 995-1009.
Siahpoush, S., Sahebani, N., Aminian, H. (2011). Change of some defense compounds of cucumber treated with Bacillus cereus and salicylic acid against Meloidogyne javanica. African Journal of Plant Science, 5: 829-834.
Stetina, S.R., Young, L.D. (2006). Comparisons of Female and Egg Assays to Identify Rotylenchulus reniformis Resistance in Cotton. Journal of nematology, 38(3): 326-332.
Thies, J.A., Merrill, S.B., Corley, E.L. (2002). Red food coloring stain: New, safer procedures for staining nematodes in roots and egg masses on root surfaces. Journal of Nematology, 34(2):179–181.
Zinovieva, S. V., Vasyukova, N. I., Udalova, Zh. V., Gerasimova, N.G., Ozeretskovskaya, O.L. (2011). Involvement of Salicylic Acid in Induction of Nematode Resistance in Plants. Biology Bulletin, 38(5):453–458
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2020 Array